Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale

This 28-item scale was developed to contain reliable subscales tapping the major symptom elements of the nicotine withdrawal syndrome. It uses seven internally consistent subscales: anger, anxiety, sadness, concentration, sleep, hunger, and craving. Respondents rate each statement on a scale ranging from 0 (strong disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). The WSWS is sensitive to smoking withdrawal and predictive of smoking cessation outcomes, and its brevity makes it useful in both the clinical and research context.