An assessment using 9 specific questions about worry and availability of and accessibility to
foods for the household during the previous 30 days, that have been used in several countries and appear to distinguish food-insecure from food-secure households across different cultural contexts (Coates, Swindale, & Bilinsky, 2007).

A 12-item scale (Johnson et al., 2007) of patient confidence to carry out important treatment-related behaviors related to adhering to treatment plans, including medication regimen adherence and following plans for nutrition, exercise, etc, in the face of barriers. Reponses range from 1 (cannot do it at all) to 10 (certain can do it).

Blood sample assessment of HIV viral load.

A questionnaire measuring anti-retroviral adherence, including items measuring adherence to medications yesterday, 2, 3, and 4 days ago, adherence to schedule during the last weekend and when any medication was last skipped. The questionnaire’s responses are weighted to calculate an adherence level from 0-100 (Reynolds et al., 2007).

Marijuana metabolite levels measured in urine

This 19-item assessment helps the client identify areas in his or her life affected by marijuana use. Items represent the potential negative effects of marijuana on social relationships, self-esteem, motivation and productivity, work and finances, physical health, memory impairment, and legal problems. The items were chosen based on existing self-report drug abuse severity measures and on data from people who sought treatment for marijuana use. The client responds to each item by indicating whether he or she experienced a particular problem related to marijuana use in the past month (0=not a problem, 1=a minor problem, 2=a serious problem).

The 45-item MCQ is a multi-dimensional questionnaire that assesses marijuana craving. It is based on the the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire (see "Related Instruments" below) and uses items that touch on four specific constructs characterizing craving for marijuana: (1) compulsivity, an inability to control marijuana use; (2) emotionality, use of marijuana in anticipation of relief from withdrawal or negative mood; (3) expectancy, anticipation of positive outcomes from smoking marijuana; and (4) purposefulness, intention and planning to use marijuana for positive outcomes. Each item is rated on a seven-point Likert-type scale ranging from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree."