Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR; Wechsler 2001). The WTAR has been established to be a reliable and valid assessment of pre-morbid intelligence. It has been normed with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III) and the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-III). During the test, participants are asked to read 50 words out loud and are scored on the accuracy of their pronunciation.

The VS Pretreatment is an interviewer-administered measure of the participant’s vocational history and related life experiences. It was developed specifically for this study. Pre-treatment items focus on employment history, previous job satisfaction, attitudes and response to unemployment (e.g., depression), self efficacy expectations for specific job skills, as well as financial and social support systems. In addition, the VSPJ module collects more detailed information about the participant’s longest job as well as any jobs he/she has held in the 4 weeks prior to baseline assessment. We estimate the VSP (including the VSPJ) will require on average, approximately 15 minutes to administer, but the time will vary based upon the length and depth of a person’s work history. VS Job Addendum

The Visual Analog or Analogue Scale (VAS) is designed to present to the respondent a rating scale with minimum constraints. Respondents mark the location on the 10-centimeter line corresponding to the amount of pain they experienced. This gives them the greatest freedom to choose their pain's exact intensity. It also gives the maximum opportunity for each respondent to express a personal response style. VAS data of this type is recorded as the number of millimeters from the left of the line with the range 0-100. The scales consist of 100-point lines anchored with “not at all” on one end and “extremely” on the other. Participants will report at each clinic visit the extent to which they felt any craving for opiates, the severity of their withdrawal symptoms, and the extent to which the study medication has helped to ease the cravings (if applicable). On induction day this measure is to be completed pre dose (screening VAS) and post dose for the induction day VAS.

The Q-sort is a 56- item questionnaire developed in a collaboration the LI team and the University of Arizona team which is part of the San Francisco-Arizona Node. Therapists will be asked to sort 56 statements of opinion concerning the nature and treatment of adolescent drug abuse (each typed on a separate card) into eight different categories ranging from "least agree: (category 1) to "most agree" (category 8). This measure will be administered during the therapists selection process, prior randomization to BSFT or TAU. For BSFT therapists only the VADAQ will be administered again the first time the therapists submit a tape for certification in BSFT. Three times during the course of their BSFT training, therapists will complete a case formulation exercise in which they respond orally to one written clinical vignette depicting a family with adolescents who use illicit drugs. For each vignette, respondents will be asked (a) "What do you see happening in this family, and why does the youth use drugs?"; (b) "What additional information would you want in order to assess this family?"; and, (c) "What would you propose as a preliminary treatment plan?". Therapists' open-ended responses to these questions will be individually (privately) audio taped. This qualitative information will be used by trainers to gauge how training is progressing. This also allows the trainer to better tailor the training to each therapist’s progress.

This assessment measures utilization of HIV primary health care for those study participants whose HIV test results are reactive (positive).

Opiate level measured in urine sample

Methamphetamine level measured in urine sample

Cocaine metabolite level measured in urine

The URICA is a 32-item measure that includes 4 subscales measuring the stages of change: precontemplation, contemplation, action, and maintenance. (There is also a 24-item version.) Responses are given on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strong disagreement) to 5 (strong agreement). The subscales can be combined arithmetically (C+A+M-PC) to yield a second-order continuous Readiness to Change score that can be used to assess readiness to change at entrance to treatment. The URICA assesses motivation for change by providing its scores on the four stages of change. Cluster analyses yielded five stages among adult outpatients entering alcoholism treatment: precontemplation, ambivalent, participation, uninvolved, and contemplation. In addition, motivation for change may be assessed using a second-order factor called Readiness to Change that seems useful at pretreatment. Clinicians may use the URICA to evaluate an individual's level of motivation for change and use this information to help guide treatment approaches. Subscale scores can be used to track shifts in attitudes related to the specific stages of change. In research, the URICA could be used to measure process and outcome variables for a variety of health and addictive behaviors. Care must be used in evaluating clients in a pre-post design since relationships among subscales shift as individuals move into action and maintenance. The URICA can be administered in about 5-10 minutes in either a self-report or interview format.