A test assessing organized visual search, planning, attention, set shifting, cognitive flexibility, and divided attention (Rabin, Barr, & Butler, 2005), all capacities thought to be executive in nature. Originally developed by Partington (Brown & Partington, 1942), it was first published as part of the Army Individual Test Battery (1984). The test is currently available in public domain (see Lezak, Howieson, Loring, Hannay, & Fischer, 2004; Strauss, Sherman, & Spreen, 2006). The standard trail-making test (TMT) contains two parts: Trails A and Trails B, which usually takes no more than 5–10 min to complete.

PSRS is a psychiatric assessment that has been modified from a longer form of the BPRS (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale) to assess temporal paranoia or agitation. The PSRS consists of a 4-item Positive Symptom Rating Scale (1. Suspiciousness; 2. Unusual Thought Content; 3. Hallucinations; 4. Conceptual Disorganization). It is an interviewer-administered assessment. The responses for the Positive Symptom Rating Scale are rated on a 7-point scale (1. Not Present; through 7. Extremely Severe).

The SST is a computerized task that consists of five 1-minute epochs of serial subtraction with the minuend and subtrahend changed at the beginning of each minute based on each individual subject’s ability.

16 symptoms whose intensity the patient rates on a scale of 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely).

13 physically observable signs, rated present or absent, based on a timed period of observation of the patient by a rater.

The MHOWS (Eissenberg et al. 1996) is a modified Himmelsbach (1941) withdrawal severity scale, with each of seven signs being rated by the observer on a 3 point scale where 0 = none and 1and 2 were ratings individualized for each sign. The signs were: Yawning, Lacrimation, Rhinorrhea, Perspiration, Gooseflesh, Bowel sounds (a stethoscope was placed on the subject's abdomen), and Restlessness. The scores for the individual items were summed to form a composite modified Himmelsbach score.