Parenting practices will be measured through 47 questions on parent and adolescent reports (Gorman-Smith, Tolan, Zelli, & Huesmann, 1996). The Parenting Practices Measure, was derived from the parental supervision and discipline interview used in the Oregon Youth Study and Pittsburg Youth Study (Thornberry, Huizinga, & Loeber, 1995). Factor analyses have identified four factors 1) Positive Parenting, 2) Discipline Effectiveness, 3) Avoidance of Discipline, and 4) Monitoring. Positive parenting refers to the use of positive rewards and encouragement of appropriate behavior. Discipline effectiveness is a measure of how effective parental discipline is in controlling the youth’s behavior. Avoidance of discipline refers to the parent’s avoidance of providing consequences or disciplining for fear of the youth’s behavior escalating. Monitoring is a measure of monitoring and involvement in daily activity and routines and knowledge of youth’s whereabouts throughout the day. Reports of discipline effectiveness and avoidance of discipline are gathered from parents only. Estimates of positive parenting and extent of monitoring are gathered from both parent and child. Internal consistency reliabilities of each of the subscales ranged from .68 to .81. Confirmatory factor analyses have consistently identified two latent constructs of Discipline and Monitoring which will be the two indicators of parenting used in the family functioning composite (Gorman-Smith et al., 1996). All four factors in this inventory will be used as indicators of parenting practices.

A measurement of pain is important in both clinical and research samples. Although several tools have been developed to aid in the measurement of pain, no gold standard brief pain assessment is universally utilized. This measure, developed as part of a study in NIDA's National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN), was created to measure multiple aspects of pain. It consists of 4 items, each rated on a 0-8 Likert scale, with lower scores indicating less pain or burden during the past week. The items are: "How frequently have you experience pain in the past week?", "How would you rate the intensity of your pain in the last week?", "How much did pain interfere with your daily life in the past week?", and "How often did you use medication or other treatment to manage your pain in the last week?"

This assessment collects a variety of pain-associated issues (body region(s) affected by pain, participant description of pain diagnosis, duration of pain, number of days in past x days and past x months with pain, past history of pain if not currently experiencing pain; pain treatment history) and opioid analgesics use issues [initial reason for initiating opiate use (e.g. pain relief versus illicit use), current and past sources of opiate analgesics, current and past types of opioid analgesics].

This survey is designed to capture information on how a treatment organization operates, the make-up of the staff and treatment population.

A clinician-rated, 12-item instrument used to indicate the presence or absence of symptoms typically seen with opiate withdrawal

The Obsessive Compulsive Drug Use Scale (OCDUS) measures three factors: thoughts about heroin and interference, desire and control, and resistance to thoughts and intention. (Franken, 2003)

NMASSIST is a screening tool for drug use in general medical settings. Also called NIDA Quick Screen, it is a web-based interactive tool that guides clinicians through a short series of screening questions and, based on the patient's responses, generates a substance involvement score that suggests the level of intervention needed. The tool also provides links to resources for conducting a brief intervention and treatment referral, if warranted. This screening instrument, a modified version of the World Health Organization's Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), is appropriate for patients age 18 or older. It can be completed by either a clinician or the patient using an online form or a printed version of the instrument, and is easily scored. It provides information about the substances people have ever used in their lifetime, the substances used in the last three months, problems related to substance use, risk of current or future harm, dependence, and injecting drug use.

Negotiation skill is measured by (4-point Likert scale) assessor ratings of the extent of 4 basic negotiation skills demonstrated in participants’ completion of sexual risk vignettes. These skills are: assertiveness (in demanding safer sex from partners); informativeness (about the need for safer sex); ability to anticipate high-risk situations (demonstrated by mention of carrying condoms); and implementation (of safer sex skills). A total skill score can be obtained by summing these. A count of number of alternative solutions is generated. A count of number of obstacles identified is generated.

This is a 20 item questionnaire asking participants about how satisfied they are with various aspects of their jobs.