This assessment focuses on vaginal and anal rather than oral sex behavior because vaginal and anal sex are far riskier behaviors for contracting HIV. Questions include total number of sex partners in prior 6 months; total number of vaginal sex partners and anal sex partners; total number of unprotected vaginal and total number of anal sex partners and total acts of unprotected vaginal and anal sex; and total number of unprotected vaginal/anal acts with HIV-positive, negative, and unknown serostatus partners.

The General Health & Traumatic Brain Injury Assessment is a structured interview adapted from the Ohio State University TBI Identification Method. It is used to assess for the presence or history of traumatic head or neck injury and any resultant loss of consciousness greater than 30 minutes. Information obtained from the interview will result in a dichotomous indicator as to whether or not the participant is likely to have suffered at least a moderate TBI.

The variable ratio schedule proposed includes an element of chance, and there is some concern that this will stimulate gambling behavior in those who have a problem with this type of impulsive behavior. It should be noted that there is no evidence to support such a concern. Further, the variable ratio incentive procedure itself could not be defined as gambling. It does not require the volunteers to put up their own money, nor is there any chance that volunteers could benefit excessively or lose their own money as a result of participating successfully in the incentive program. There is a chance that an individual with a gambling problem in remission could be stimulated to resume gambling. For this reason, compulsive gambling in remission has been added as a study exclusion criteria. There is also a chance that individuals who tend to engage in excessive gambling and who abstain from drug use during the study would have more disposable income to spend on gambling. For this reason, gambling behavior will be monitored at study follow-up points.

The FrSBe, formerly known as the Frontal Lobe Personality Scale (FLoPS; Grace, Stout, Malloy 1999), provides a brief, reliable, and valid measure of three frontal systems behavioral syndromes: apathy, disinhibition, and executive dysfunction. It also quantifies behavioral changes over time by including both baseline (retrospective) and current assessments of behavior.

The Family Environmental Scale (FES; Moos & Moos, 1986) is a widely used measure that was developed to measure social and environmental characteristics of families. This measure has been used in thousands of studies to capture critical aspects of family functioning. In this study, we will be using the cohesion and conflict subscales of the FES, administered to both parents and adolescents. Internal consistency reliability estimates for the subscales range from 0.61 to 0.78. Conflict and cohesiveness subscales will be administered to measure family functioning.

The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence was designed to provide an ordinal measure of nicotine dependence related to cigarette smoking. It contains six items that evaluate the quantity of cigarette consumption, the compulsion to use, and dependence. It is useful as a screen for nicotine dependence and as a severity rating that can be used for treatment planning and prognostic judgments. The brevity and easy scoring of the FTND make it an efficient way to obtain clinically meaningful information. It can also be incorporated into general health and lifestyle screening questionnaires in clinical and nonclinical settings. This instrument is a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ). It takes 2 minutes or less to administer the FTND and 2 minutes or less to score it. The Modified Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire (mFTQ; Prokhorov et al., 1998) is an adapted version of a scale originally designed to assess behavioral indicators of physical dependence on nicotine among adult smokers (FTQ). It includes a modified set of adult symptoms for adolescents to address graded levels of smoking behavior, avoidance of the physiological effects of nicotine deprivation, and perceived difficulty refraining when prevented from smoking. It has been shown to predict continued smoking, quantity and frequencey of tobacco use, and shorter periods of abstinence from smoking over time.

The EQ-5D is a standardized instrument for use as a measure of health outcome. Applicable to a wide range of health conditions and treatments, it provides a simple descriptive profile and a single index value for health status. It is a brief, simple and easy-to-use self-completion questionnaire consisting of five three-level items, representing various aspects of health: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression (mood).

The Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) is a semi-structured interview used worldwide for diagnostic purposes and to assess the core psychopathology of an eating disorder. The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire 6.0 (EDE-Q) has been developed as a self-report questionnaire version of the full-length interview.

A DSM-IV Criteria Checklist (modified from Hudziak et al., 1993) will be administered to determine the patient’s Axis I substance abuse and dependence diagnoses prior to enrollment.

This instrument begins with an assessment of whether the participant evidenced symptoms of Conduct Disorder prior to the age of 15 (which is required to meet DSM-IV criteria for Antisocial Personality Disorder). If the participant does evidence a history of Conduct Disorder, then the interview continues with an assessment of the DSM-IV criteria for Antisocial Personality Disorder.