The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was developed to address the need for an instrument that would reliably discriminate anxiety from depression while displaying convergent validity. Such an instrument would offer advantages for clinical and research purposes over existing self-report measures, which have not been shown to differentiate anxiety from depression adequately. The scale consists of 21 items, each describing a common symptom of anxiety. The respondent is asked to rate how much he or she has been bothered by each symptom over the past week on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 3 (severely). The BAI is recommended for use in assessing anxiety in clinical and research settings.

The BTI is an instrument that can be used by substance abusers and assessment staff as a useful tool for helping identify barriers to treatment entry. It contains items drawn from the extensive literature on barriers to treatment and from items found in the Allen Barriers to Treatment Instrument (ABTI), as well as other barrier lists. Approximately 100 items from these sources were considered for inclusion in the BTI. Items were reviewed by senior clinical staff for relevance to the current population and setting. Fifty-nine items were selected for inclusion in the instrument, including 25 items that load on one or more of 7 different factors: Absence of Problem, Negative Social Support, Fear of Treatment, Privacy Concerns, Time Conflict, Poor Treatment Availability, and Admission Difficulty. The BTI has practical implications for settings that conduct substance abuse assessments, most notably CIUs like the one where this study was conducted. The average of 15 minutes spent completing the BTI could provide benefits to both individual substance abusers and assessment programs. For the individual, a discussion of BTI results may improve the likelihood that barriers are successfully resolved and that linkage occurs. By increasing linkage rates, programs conduct fewer assessments that do not result in successful follow-through. The BTI could also provide programs with aggregate information about the clients they assess. By identifying the barriers that could impact treatment entry, assessment programs are better able to develop effective interventions to facilitate treatment entry. For example, motivational interviewing has shown value in helping clients manage the ambivalence that often surrounds substance use and the decisions to seek treatment. Treatment mentors could be engaged to help prospective clients deal with their fears about treatment and their reticence about revealing personal information to others.

The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11; Patton et al., 1995) is a questionnaire designed to assess the personality/behavioral construct of impulsiveness. The current version is composed of 30 items describing common impulsive or non-impulsive (for reverse scored items) behaviors and preferences.

This assessment measures participants’ attitudes toward the use of the female condom. It consists of 18 items scored on a 5-point Likert scale (strongly disagree to strongly agree). Five additional questions ask about intent to use the female condom, with what kind of partner, and whether this will be in the next 3-month period of time.

This is a 13-item subscale from the Sexual Risks Scale (DeHart & Birkimer, 1997) to assess participants’ attitudes toward condom use. The subscale was developed to reliably and validly measure variables hypothesized to be influential in predicting HIV sexual risk behaviors.

This semi-structured interview has been used in a variety of clinical trials studying adult-ADHD. It includes 84 items and addresses symptoms of attention hyperactivity deficit disorder beginning in childhood and ending with "the past 12 months." Questions cover symptoms such as "makes a lot of careless mistakes," "difficulty sustaining attention on tasks/play activities," "doesn't listen," "difficulty following instructions," difficulty organizing tasks," "dislikes/avoids tasks requiring attention," "loses things," "fidget," "difficulty remaining seated," "blurts out answers," and "talks excessively." The final four items in the scale are a "checklist summary" to assist researchers with determining whether or not the patient meets the standard criteria for ADHD ("significant and sufficient current ADHD symptoms," "significant impairment in two or more settings," e.g.). This scale has been used in numerous clinical trials, including NIDA's National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network.

The ASRS-V1.1 Screener (Copyright © 2003 World Health Organization; Kessler et al., in press) is a 6-item questionnaire that has been shown to have concurrent validity with DSM-IV criteria for ADHD in adult studies. This scale, while not formally validated in adolescents, has been used in previous research studies with adolescents. It was chosen for use in the present study since there is no validated, accepted standard self report screening assessment for ADHD in adolescents. The ASRS-V1.1 will be administered by clinical research staff (MC, RA) incorporated in the prescreening interview, or by clinical staff at the participating community treatment program (CTP) as part of their outpatient admission packet. Adolescents who appear to meet prescreening criteria for ADHD in addition to other pre-screening criteria will be invited to make an appointment for more extensive baseline screening and assessment. The ASRS-V1.1 will be re-administered to adolescents after consent/assent as part of the screening/baseline assessment battery.

This scale was developed to better capture symptoms of ADHD in adult patients. It uses a semi-structured interview methodology with suggested prompts for each item to improve inter-rater reliability. The scale's 18 items directly correspond to the 18 DSM-IV symptoms of ADHD where 9 inattentive items alternate with 9 hyperactive-impulsive items. Items include questions such as "Do you make careless mistakes when working on a boring or difficult project?", "Do you fidget or squirm with your hands or feet when you have to sit down for a long time?", and "Do you have difficulty waiting your turn in situations when turn taking is required?" Each item includes a series of additional questions that the interviewer can use to further prompt the participant (for example, for the item on waiting your turn, prompts include, "Are you frequently frustrated with delays? Do you put a great deal of effort into planning to not be in situations where you might have to wait").

The ARSW is comprised of 16 signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal. Patients rate themselves on a scale ranging from 0 (none) to 9 (severe) (maximum cumulative score = 144) on the following items: muscle cramps, depressed or sad, painful joints, excessive yawning, hot or cold flashes, trouble getting to sleep, sick to stomach, irritable, runny nose, poor appetite, weak knees, excessive sneezing, tense and jittery, watery eyes, abdominal cramps, and fitful sleep.