The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) measures the two primary dimensions of mood: Positive affect reflects the extent to which a person feels enthusiastic, active, and alert; negative affect is a general dimension of subjective distress and unpleasurable engagement that subsumes a variety of aversive mood states. The PANAS consists of 10 positive affects (interested, excited, strong, enthusiastic, proud, alert, inspired, determined, attentive, and active) and 10 negative affects (distressed, upset, guilty, scared, hostile, irritable, ashamed, nervous, jittery, and afraid). Participants are asked to rate items on a scale from 1 to 5, based on the strength of emotion where 1 = "very slightly or not at all," and 5 = "extremely."

This 28-item scale was developed to contain reliable subscales tapping the major symptom elements of the nicotine withdrawal syndrome. It uses seven internally consistent subscales: anger, anxiety, sadness, concentration, sleep, hunger, and craving. Respondents rate each statement on a scale ranging from 0 (strong disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). The WSWS is sensitive to smoking withdrawal and predictive of smoking cessation outcomes, and its brevity makes it useful in both the clinical and research context.

Expired CO measured using a standard calibrated CO gas-monitoring device, as a discriminator of smoking status.

Self-report of smoking cessation via daily record of smoking activities.