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A Time Line Follow Back assessment used to evaluate the number of cigarettes per day and non-cigarette tobacco used.

This TLFB scale is designed to assess recent cigarette, marijuana, and other drug use. The TLFB can be administered by an interviewer, self-administered, or administered by computer. It asks clients to retrospectively estimate their drug, marijuana or cigarette use 7 days to 2 years prior to the interview date. For cigarettes and marijuana, individuals are asked to estimate the number of cigarettes or joints smoked per day. For all other drug use, only frequency of use is captured (i.e., used or did not use). At this time, quantity estimates of other drug use are not meaningful. It is user friendly and flexible, with easy feedback and uncomplicated interpretation. The TLFB can be used as a clinical and research tool to obtain a variety of quantitative estimates of marijuana, cigarette, and other drug use. These quantitative estimates and drug use-consumption variables can be used to measure change in drug, marijuana, and cigarette use levels in outcome monitoring and evaluation studies. In several studies, data obtained with a method like the TLFB have been sensitive to changes in drug and marijuana use. The TLFB can also be used in clinical settings as a motivational advice feedback tool to analyze clients’ marijuana, cigarette, and other drug use and to increase their motivation to change (e.g., feedback at assessment, comparative feedback such as before and during treatment). It has been adapted for use with dual diagnosis patients, and is a good index of treatment-related change.

Participants’ commitment to abstinence will be assessed with the Thoughts about Abstinence assessment (Hall et al., 1991), modified to assess the participants’ thoughts related to alcohol, illicit drugs, and cigarettes. This measure assesses the participant’s desire to quit, expected success in quitting and estimated difficulty in avoiding relapse. In addition, it assesses the client’s goal for her use ranging from no goal to complete abstinence for life. Significant increases in commitment to abstinence, as measured by this instrument, have been found for participants assigned to Motivational Interviewing compared to standard treatment (Saunders et al., 1995). The Thoughts about Abstinence assessment will be completed at screening and at the end of the active study phase.

The Teen Health Survey (THS) assesses participants’ levels of HIV risk reduction information, motivation, behavioral skills, and HIV-risk and HIV-preventive behavior (Misovich et al., 1998). The THS was developed by researchers at the Center for Health Information/HIV Intervention and Prevention and has been psychometrically validated and used widely in HIV risk reduction research. Its use in this study will provide a screening/baseline measure of both cognitions and behavior related to safe sexual practice. Information gained from the THS will increase the efficacy of teaching and practicing skills for safe sexual practices which takes place during CBT (HIV module). It is a self-administered questionnaire which takes approximately 30 minutes to complete.

This survey is a validated a brief, 15-item measure that assesses issues related to ambivalence and readiness to engage in 12-step activities ((Kingree, Simpson, Thompson, McCrady, Tonigan, & Lautenschlager, 2006; Kingree, Simpson, Thompson, McCrady, & Tonigan, 2007). This survey consists of three 5-item subscales, each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). These measure individuals’ perceptions about the severity of their substance use problems (e.g., “My substance use has hurt some other people”), the perceived benefits of their involvement in 12-step groups (e.g., “Going to AA gives me courage to change”), and the perceived barriers to participating in 12-step groups (e.g., “Going to AA can be embarrassing to me”).

The SUR assesses the following areas of substance use: alcohol, amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine, marijuana (cannabinoids), methadone, methamphetamines, opiates, and PCP. Using a 7-Day Time Line Follow-Back styled format, the SUR tracks the use of each substance for the preceding week.

This brief measure asks detailed questions regarding participants' use and administration route of a variety of substances in the previous seven days, including alcohol, cocaine, heroin, and marijuana, along with shorter sections about sedatives, PCP, stimulants, and hallucinogens. Respondents are asked how many times in the past seven days each substance was used and what the administration route was (smoked, oral, injected, e.g.), as well as the average dollar amount of each drug used each day and the maximum dollar value of each drug used in a single day. The scale ends with a few questions about craving and urges to use. This scale can be used for baseline and follow-up assessments, as well as for treatment phase assessments. Population: Adults